Australian Prudential Regulation Authority

Question: Examine about the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority. Answer: Presentation In contrast with different nations or different businesses, Australia has learned fundamental varieties to its money related and monetary framework in new periods. TheAustralianmonetary organizationcontains of the arrangements spread the fitting taking cash and loaning of assets and the transmission of ownership of fiscal rights in Australia which comprises of the subordinate business places, protection, banks, credit associations, obligation and value advertise. The reasonable outcome has been a modification in the Australian business and business association from a relatively bolted, repetitive get together during the 1950s and 1960s, in view of on verifiable bank association, to an increasingly uncovered and humble association and are offering or giving different kinds of administrations or contributions in examination with some other ventures. The budgetary or the money related framework is being driven by the powers of the reasonable or the market which is exclusively reliant on the economy of the market and what the market needs. A methodology comparable to that comprehended in Australia has stayed test and extensively pondered in the United States underneath the general subtitle the disintegration in outdate venture and banking. In the midst of the variety of motivations on fiscal part extension, three boss administrations can be colored. The first can be said as the piece of money related controlling procedure, to a critical degree, shaped the far reaching propensities in bunches commercial center offers in new periods. There were numerous improvement in the framework because of dynamic innovation and because of this diving the cost of numerous information situated financial doings and furthermore new items and exercises are accessible. Framework assets more than folded as a connection to GDP among the 1960s and 1990s, with copious of that improvement happening in the moment post-deregulation retro in the extra 50% of the 1980s.A significant piece of th e money related framework, and broadly analyzed away, was the acknowledgment prosperous which shadowed financial deregulation. This peculiarity, and its correspondence with financial advances during the 1980s, guaranteed to improvement of the fiscal portion in a measure of techniques. Impact inside the Australian business part has traditionally been nearly nothing, and this leftovers the situation notwithstanding an impressive flood in corporate replicating in the late 1980s. The obligation to value proportion is similarly same with contrasted with different nations like United States, Japan and different nations. Till the 1950s, fiscal intermediation was predominantly indistinguishable with speculation and banking. We can likewise observe that, until the 1950s, fiscal intermediation was chiefly indistinguishable with banking. Account business was on a very basic level an okay proposition appeared at controlled qualities and charges.. Thecommercial exchange or also called financial business inAustraliacontains of various banks endorsed and qualified to carry on venture and banking business under theBanking Act 1959, far off banks affirmed to work through a development in Australia. While discussion of the up and coming development of the speculation or the financial business was to an enormous degree theoretical, the Group was keen on clarifications that a few patrons in the business foreseen a significant and a huge charge sooner rather than later. In logical inconsistency of the relevant of these developments, banks have their imprint progressively on the mushrooming retirement and assets th e executives region as a potential long haul balance to these compressions and weights. We can say for instance approx. $40 billion, or 15 percent of retirement assets or properties are by and by held as bank securities or credits with financial foundations, a pivotal measure of these associations responsibility base. The banks without a doubt realize that there are pay and preferences to be expanded from joining and joining their association part with reserves the board exercises, and have lashed for installment of increasingly through cooperation in retirement time, and as of late there has been in general presentation of ventures or assets in over the counter. Thebanking part inAustraliacontains of various banks affirmed and qualified to carry on venture and banking business under theBanking Act 1959, far off banks authorized to work through a development in Australia, and Australian-joined remote bank organizations. Different associations like common assets, credit associations give banking offices. Formally, there is boundless and nitty gritty guideline of Australia's financial framework, split for the most part between theAustralian Prudential Regulation Authority(APRA) andAustralian Securities and Investments Commission(ASICAustralia Reserve bank plays a noteworthy interest. However, in redundancy, Australian banks are independent and are managed without anyone else through External Dispute Resolution (EDR) courses of action, the most protuberant is theFinancial Ombudsman Service (Australia)(FOS). The ASIC is answerable for the respectability and the flourishing of the monetary associations. The quick development of banks' national fis cal reports which have full-developed at a standard yearly pace of 13percent in the interim from 1985 and both the interest and flexibly factors and presentation are presented. Right now there are 53 banks which are working in Australia, and in those 54, 14 are claimed by the nation. In totalling to the four significant banks, there is an assortment of five Australian-possessed banks once in a while meant to as the regionals, shining their inventive accentuation principally on the retail segment. The Banking framework or techniques for Australia in the history was one of decided nation for lawfulness, not all that prosperous, broken and open sharpness. With the progression of recent years, every one of the four primary Australian banks, while obeying with the continuously extreme supplies of controlling figures, affirmed at any rate one principle money related blooper. An erratic improvement of confinements on outside bank confirmation in the mid-1980s, and the extra uncovered arran gement of passage acknowledged in the mid 1990s, saw the abroad bank participation increment, to some degree at the use of the trade segments of bank The financial association has actually attempted to make incredible progress additional time. Three fundamental organization examinations concerning banking were appeared in Australia somewhere in the range of 1981 and 1996. It gave legitimateness for both the organizations and the banks; for organizations since the very foundation of an examination set up a commitment to answerability and network focus questions. Banks are likewise theme to obligations under theAnti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006as announcing elements. Until the 1980s, acknowledgment associations and development social orders delivered stoutly, to a great extent since they were dependent upon rarer rules than banks in 1985, there were 60 structure social orders and 400 credit associations compelling in Australia. Banks went up against slight humble largeness from different associations, where fast advancement had not begun at this point, and the association was not presented to outside bank entrance or to seaward correspondences. Banks experienced an all-inclusive time of declining piece of the pie during the 1960s and 1970s, when proportional favorable circumstances were made by non-bank fiscal middle people, especially development social orders, financial matters companies, business banks. A tremendous measure of impressive development of non-bank fiscal associations (NBFIs) not joined to the national speculation region. In a portion of the cases, these associations were controlled by removed banks that necessary a money related participation in Australia however were restricted from establishing an appropriate and recommended commericialprocess by the genuine suspension on new remote financial foundations before 1985. A coincidental rearrangements of confinements on remote bank affirmation in the mid-1980s, and the extra uncovered strategy of passage acknowledged in the mid 1990s, saw the abroad bank participation increment, to some extent at the consumption of the trade divisions of bank. Two abroad associations worked uninterruptedly as legitimate banks in Australia in the post-war period preceding 1985.17 The nonappearance of a more extensive abroad financial participation recreated the suspension on inaccessible bank section, thought in advance. The presence of a far off bank nearness in Australia in the nonappearance of legitimate outside banks connotes what, with retrospection, appears to give the novel technique to the significance of banks and non-banks inside the Banking Act 1959. The experience of having the abroad or the outside banks reaction is very nonpartisan. The new passages are very serious in nature. On the thorough part, remote banks continued their business banking doings and in that area were spearheading in stock advancement and in fiscal and s ubordinate markets. Toward the end it is being seen that the remote banks couldn't establish an impact or connection with the focal spot of the Australian banks in the promoting and saleable market, where gigantic customer consents or branches had been perceived through boundless division frameworks. Remote banks were delighted to spread for endorsement anyplace and in any sum, on condition that they met the passageway necessities, they were permitted to expect either optional or development developments (Brian, 2005) Many abroad banks were against this yet the standard was not changed and was all inclusive. From 1992 the quantity of passages of outside banks expanded all the while (Henry, 2011) Comprehensive, however, the happenings of outside banks proceeded nearly insignificant compared to the since quite a while ago perceived Australian banks. Particular piece of loaning and acquiring framework assets rose to 14 percent by 1996 as an outcome of new contestants however with just slight avoidances, their doings proceeded significantly a

Case Study OHS Solutions Pty. Ltd. Click Now To Get Solution

Questions: Contextual investigation OHS Solutions Pty. Ltd. is an organization framed by three companions (Des, Satish and Emma) who carry various aptitudes and capacities to the business. Emma is a bookkeeping graduate, Des has aptitude in word related wellbeing and security (OHS) and Satish has an IT degree. They chose to fire up a business which would give an entry through which the general population and organizations could access (for nothing) data on all parts of OHS. OHS Solutions would back its business, and make benefits, by charging organizations to promote by means of their site. The chiefs of OHS Solutions are: Overseeing Director Des Account Director Emma (non official) Chief Satish (official utilized likewise to run the innovative side of the business) Chief Ying (non official) a companion of Des and executive of Support Pty. Ltd. (Backing Pty. Ltd. has gone underwriter for a $50,000 credit from the Business Bank Ltd. to OHS Solutions) The Shareholders of OHS Solutions (holding equivalent measures of conventional offers) are Des, Emma, Satish and Support Pty. Ltd. As at January 2007 OHS Solutions had been working for a half year. It had some underlying IT issues which kept a portion of the publicists material from being gotten to. So as to attempt to help conquer these specialized issues Satish drew in Trouble Shooters Pty. Ltd. At the February Board meeting, Satish revealed that two organizations who had paid to promote on the site were disappointed with what was occurring and were taking steps to sue for penetrate of agreement. Emma couldn't table any money related data as the worker who had been doing the records had been debilitated and when Emma took a gander at the records she saw that they appeared as in somewhat of a wreck. She found a huge record from Trouble Shooters that was over due. Des revealed that he was upset by this news. He had been told by Satish that the IT issues experienced been fixed since Difficulty Shooters had been locked in, and he had quite recently marked a $10,000 publicizing contract with Promotions Plus Pty. Ltd. to publicize the site and joined to go to an expo to be held related to an imminent OHS meeting. He said this was required in light of the fact that various prominent promoters were taking steps to end their relationship with OHS Solutions except if the entry turned out to be better known. Ying just tunes in dismay at the March Board meeting. Her couldn't help thinking that OHS Solutions is by and large ineffectively oversaw and is neglecting to benefit as much as possible from a conceivably productive business opportunity. This could introduce an open door for Support Pty. Ltd. to make a proposal to purchase OHS Solutions at a decent cost. Then again Support Pty. Ltd. is uncovered as an underwriter. Accept she counsels you, a bookkeeper, for your fundamental view about the difficulty of OHS Solutions and what she ought to do. Expect additionally that the main thing that rings a bell is in the case of Ying herself might be powerless as a chief of OHS Solutions for neglecting to keep OHS Solutions from exchanging when it is indebted. Section A Compose a short clarification regarding why the executives obligation to forestall indebted exchanging exists and the conditions and outcomes of the cloak of fuse being lifted for wiped out exchanging. (Don't simply rehash the expressions of the significant areas in the Corporations Act). Part B From what you are aware of OHS Solutions bind, DISCUSS whether any of the executives might be going to penetrate or have just penetrated the obligation to forestall ruined exchanging. (So as to do this you should look at what's going on in OHS Solutions case with other point of reference cases and allude to the pertinent areas in the Corporations Act.) What will you exhort Ying? Answer: Section A Each organization has a chief or a top managerial staff who are answerable for sparing the organization in awful and great occasions. The case that has been given gives a circumstance where the executives need to adhere to their obligations and take a gander at the organization as their first need. Certain segments set down in The Corporations Act 2001 educates us concerning the individual obligations that a chief has in various circumstances here it being the cloak of joining and to forestall bankrupt exchanging request to comprehend what might be the response to the particular inquiry, the above expressions is the thing that we have to comprehend before illuminating the areas which reveal to us progressively about the given the situation which discloses to us how the executive to follow these segments and satisfy their obligations when the given circumstances emerge. wiped out exchanging is the point at which the executive of the organization continues into exchanging when the orga nization is under water, it is increasingly similar to bringing about obligations when the organization if wiped out or state debted to other people. Indebtedness as known is a circumstance when one gathering owes the other party an entirety of cash which is expected. Area 588G of the Corporations Act 2001 educates all the more regarding the obligations of executives particularly at the hour of indebtedness, and finishes the uncertainty explanation by expressing that it is the chiefs obligation to forestall wiped out exchanging by the organization. The primary provision expresses the accompanying focuses It might be applied if the given individual is the executive of the given organization when the organization faces a circumstance where incurrence of obligation happens. The bankruptcy of organization is available and it is continuing causing obligations. There is proof that the organization is ruined, or that it may get wiped out sooner rather than later. It is the point at which the beginning of this Act had happened and henceforth would consider the executives subject. This is the circumstance which has been referenced for the situation study where the organization OHS arrangements are being not able to reimburse the credit taken from Trouble Shooters Pty. Ltd, reason being bankrupt exchanging. This segment further clarifies the obligations the chiefs have however area 588H additionally accommodates the safeguard that the executives have if the above is demonstrated. The executives will be regarded at risk just if the previously mentioned focuses stand valid. The piece of this segment which brings up this as an offense is area 588G(3) which says that it is an offense if: The individual demonstration which was so as to forestall the organization was exploitative. The person(s) knew about the current of the not so distant future bankruptcy of the organization. The organization is indebted truly, or that it would become wiped out if any obligation acquires. At the point when the obligation acquires, the person(s) happens to be an executive of the particular organization. What's more, the most significant point being that the organization brings about an obligation. At the point when the above focuses or one of the above focuses is satisfied it turns into an offense in the piece of the chief. Thus we realize that it is the executives obligation to keep the organization from ruined exchanging as referenced in the Corporations Act. The table given is referenced in the Corporations Act- At the point when obligations are acquired [operative table] Activity ofcompany At the point when obligation is caused 1 delivering a profit at the point when the profit is paid or, if the companyhas aconstitutionthat providesfor the assertion of profits, when the profit is proclaimed 2 making a decrease of offer money to which Division1 of Part2J.1 applies (other than a decrease that comprises just of thecancellationof an offer or offers for no thought) at the point when the decrease produces results 3 repurchasing shares (regardless of whether the thought isn't a total certain inmoney) when thebuy-back agreementis went into 4 redeemingredeemable inclination sharesthat are redeemable at its choice when thecompanyexercises the alternative 5 issuingredeemable inclination sharesthat are redeemable in any case than at its alternative at the point when the offers areissued 6 monetarily helping apersonto acquireshares (orunitsof shares) in itself or aholding organization when theagreementtoprovidethe help is gone into or, if there is noagreement, when the help is given 7 going into anuncommercial transaction(within the significance ofsection588FB)other than one that acourt orders, or aprescribedagencydirects, thecompanytoenter into when thetransactionis went into Next point that we know is that it is likewise the chiefs obligation to forestall the shroud of joining (Gas Lighting Improvement Co Ltd v Inland Revenue Commissioners (1923) AC 723) being lifted for wiped out exchanging including the conditions and the results. One of the most significant reasons why an organization is fused is on the grounds that the lawful risk of the organization is something which is kept separate from the person, who is associated with the organization. At the point when we consider the given case we see that this shroud guarantee that the organization is by and large a different lawful element and that it isn't engaged with the chiefs or the investors individual resources. One of the main cases which managed the cover or fuse is Briggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd, where the organization was given the different lawful substance separated from its individuals. Be that as it may, the inquiry is what are the conditions and results of lifting of shroud or consolidation. It fundamentally implies a circumstance when the corporate character of the organization is overlooked and it is checked upon with regards to who has the genuine command over the organization, and who the extortion as the case possibly seems to be. In Re Edelsten ex parte Donnelly the court expressed that The contention [of fraud] is, obviously round. It can possibly succeed if the contention of hoax succeeds, in such a case that no property was obtained by, or regressed upon, Edelsten, no obligation equipped for being sidestepped could emerge under the ActThe accommodation that the VIP Group had been utilized to execute an extortion was incidental, and stood, or fell, with the entries which looked to have the exchanges, by which the VIP Group gained property, treated as tricks. Purposes behind lifting or puncturing of this cover could be one of the accompanying; or rather the

The Affect Heuristic and Decision Making

The Affect Heuristic and Decision Making Theories Cognitive Psychology Print The Affect Heuristic and Decision Making By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 01, 2019 Chris Ryan/Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The affect heuristic is a type of mental shortcut in which people make decisions that are heavily influenced by their current emotions. Essentially, your affect (a psychological term for emotional response) plays a critical role in the choices and decisions you make. It might not come as much of a surprise to learn that your emotions influence all types of decisions, both big and small. After all, you might already know that you are more likely to take risks or try new things when you are happy, but less likely to go out on a limb when youre feeling glum. If youve ever gone with your gut feeling when faced with a difficult decision, you are probably relying on the affect heuristic. In psychology, a heuristic is a mental shortcut that allows people to make decisions quickly and efficiently. In this case, it is the way you feel (your affect) toward a particular stimulus that influences the decisions you make. How It Works Your feelings of the relative goodness or badness of a particular person, object, or activity impact the decisions that you ultimately make. So how much of your emotions might influence your decision-making and what impact might it have on your life? Researchers have found that when you are in a positive emotional state, you are more likely to perceive an activity as having high benefits and low risks.If your emotional state is negative, on the other hand, you are more inclined to see the activity as being low in benefits and high in risk. Example Imagine a situation in which two children arrive at a local park to play. One child has spent a lot of time playing on swings at a neighbors house, so he has nothing but positive feelings when he sees the swing set at the park. He immediately makes the decision that the swings will be fun (high benefit, low risk) and runs to play on the swings. The other child, however, recently had a negative experience while playing on the swings at a friends house. When he sees the swings at the park, he draws on this recent negative memory and decides that the swings are a bad choice (low benefit, high risk). Impact of the Affect Heuristic Much like other heuristics, the affect heuristic has its advantages and disadvantages. While such mental shortcuts allow people to make quick and often reasonably accurate decisions, they can also lead to poor decision-making. How the Availability Heuristic Affects Decision-Making Consider how advertising can sometimes make unhealthy activities such as smoking or eating unhealthy foods seem both positive and appealing. These ads can sometimes influence the emotions of consumers, which can lead to poor health decisions and risky behaviors that can have serious, long-term consequences. A 1978 study by Fischhoff et al. played a significant role in the study of the affect heuristic. The researchers discovered that judgments of benefits and risks were negatively correlatedâ€"the greater the perceived benefit, the lower the perceived risk. At the same time, the more risky behaviors seem, the less the perceived benefits were. Certain behaviors such as drinking alcohol and smoking were viewed as high-risk, low-benefit while other things such as antibiotics and vaccines were seen as high-benefit, low-risk. Researchers have also discovered that emotions can also influence the judgments people make about statistical information. In one study, clinicians were presented with recidivism rates that were either presented as probabilities (such as 30%) or frequencies (such as 30 out of 100). The clinicians rated mental health patients as presenting a higher risk when the numbers were presented as frequencies rather than probabilities. Why? Researchers suggest that presenting the data as frequencies lead to more extreme judgments on the part of clinicians because it creates a mental image of the individual lapsing back into their old behaviors. A Word From Verywell Clearly, the affect heuristic can have a powerful influence on decisions both large and small. So what can you do to prevent emotions from contributing to poor decision making? Simply being aware of the phenomenon might be helpful. Perhaps by being aware of your tendency to be swayed by your feelings and emotions, you will be better able to make more objective and clear-minded decisions in the future. Research also suggests that talking to yourself in the third person can be an effective form of self-control. The next time you need to make a decision during an emotional moment, take a moment to talk silently to yourself using the third person. It might help you stay calm, collected, and level-headed, a strategy that may prevent bad decisions made in the heat of the moment.

An Effective Teacher Of Primary English And Literacy

Assignment 3: Essay Discuss the attributes and skills needed to be an effective teacher of primary English and literacy The attributes needed to be an effective teacher of primary English and literacy are as follows. Firstly, a good teacher must know have an in depth understanding of the subject matter and how to help students learn those subjects. They must recognize how knowledge is constructed in the discipline, as well as how it can be linked to other disciplines. I believe knowledge of the discipline ensures students are exposed to modes of critical thinking, and encourage them to analyze, apply, synthesize, and evaluate. Secondly, a teacher must know how to make the subject come alive for their students. They must realize students†¦show more content†¦The methods used to engage students, such as, multimodal sources and narrative. In addition, to different forms of assessment, the ways in which teachers use assessment and the effects of assessment on students. Teaching essential skills The Australian English curriculum is based on three interrelated strands of language, literature and literacy. Together, the three strands focus on developing receptive skills, such as listening, reading and viewing, as well as productive skills including, speaking, writing and creating (Australian Curriculum, 2015). In order to develop these skills teachers need to instill in children key concepts such as phonemic awareness. Phonics, as a teaching theory, was established in the early nineteenth century (ref). It can be defined as a system of teaching reading that builds on the alphabetic principle, a system of which a central component is the teaching of correspondences between letters or groups of letters and their pronunciations (Adams, 1994; Liu, 2010). English is a complex language with thousands of words. Therefore teaching students 42 sounds or phonics is far more effective than focusing on words as a whole (DeCeuklaire, 2015). There are many benefits that come from teaching p honics, for example, phonics assist in the decoding of unfamiliar words, improve comprehension, expand students vocabulary and increase their ability to read fluently

Ufo Truths and Lies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 870 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? When is the truth a lie?.. When it is only half told. The truth like an arrow in flight, if it deviates by a plus or minus . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ufo Truths and Lies" essay for you Create order 0 degrees, in any direction, will not hit its mark. True it may come pretty close, may fall with in acceptable boundaries, but more times than not it will miss the mark altogether. Seems to me people always say they want that arrow (the truth) to hit dead center bulls eye all the time, but because of hidden agendas though the aim, was true when the arrow was loosed, the arrow ends up being deflected by things beyond the archers control and never is a solid hit. It is time for people to realize the government is not the only one that, under the guise of looking out for the public good or doing the right thing, because of their actions, turn whole truths into full lies, for a half truth is still a whole lie is it not, for there are no such things as half lies, lies are lies, and that is that Today the UFO and Alien Abduction Phenomena has finally stepped from the shadows and has taken its place in the full light of public awareness. Now we see flying saucers and aliens used to sell us any and everything from A to Z. This is good to some extent for now people from all walks of life are finally taking an active interest in this ancient phenomena. Still I feel we have a long way to go before we will ever, if we ever, make heads or tails out of the riddles of UFOs and ETs. Today they are being called everything from Angelic to Demonic, to Ascended Masters, and this can well be understood because the phenomena crosses all of the boundaries of the paranormal. If we are ever to get a handle on this slippery perplexation we must be willing to toss aside old ways of seeing and believing and be willing to look at things that we have been over looking either because of our fear of being ridiculed as fools by our government, gullible by the scientist, or heretics by our church. All the while these very same institutions claims it is for the good of the public that we forget this stuff and go on with our lives for it will drive you crazy, send you into a cult, or to hell. So far depending on which of these three institutions the investigators hale from this phenomena is viewed differently. If it is a government investigation it will not tell all it finds out because of National Security. If is a scientific investigation anything of a non tangible nature will be ignored. If it is a religious group anything that smacks of paganism, E. S. P, witchcraft, or magic will be excluded. Thus in the end, none of the nvestigators ever allow themselves access to the full scope of the phenomena they are trying, or at least claiming to try to investigate. It all depends on the mind set of the investigator that the True Experiencer tells their encounter to as to the spin that will be put on it when the a fore said Investigator retells and retails the Experiencers story. Very often those points of the Experiencers experience that clash with their ( the Investigators ) belief systems will be left out of the report or twisted to mean something else. Sometimes this is deliberate but at times it is accidental for the Investigators more times than not is not an Experiencer, and so over looks the subtleties of the encounter for the more sensual or sensational points of it. There in is the problem, for as I have learned because of my many encounters, the ETs tend to speak more to that part of the mind we call the sub conscience for that is the realm of the Quantum Mind. It is because the Investigators focus mainly on the realm of the Linear Mind ( the physical ) they often over look the deeper meanings and obvious messages and information that are sometime passed during the encounter. The Linear Mind speaks person to person, The Quantum Mind speaks Species to Species. I will explain by using the Betty Hills encounter for that is well known. Betty Hill was given a book by one of the beings she encountered, which she wanted to keep as proof that what she had experienced was real, and was told she could keep it, but the book was taken away. She was shone a star map that she was told was useless for her if she did not know where she was located on the map. A needle was put into her navel and she was told it was a test for pregnancy, but she knew that, that was no pregnancy test she had ever heard of. When these actions are viewed Linearly , that is to say in the context of the every day mind of her time these entities were deceitful tormentors. Today we know that the star map she was shone was accurate and did pinpoint the area that she was told the entities came from Zeta Reticula.

What is a SWOT analysis Free Essays

SWOT Analysis stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and threats. It is a strategic planning tool which is used by businesses and organization to set a comprehensible rationale of the project. [1]This analysis is not only aimed at analyzing the internal factors but it also scans the external environment. We will write a custom essay sample on What is a SWOT analysis? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Strengths and weaknesses are usually taken as internal environmental factors while opportunities and threats are viewed as external environmental factors. It helps a company in formulating strategies and utilizes the firm’s resources in the accurate vicinity. Strengths would highlight the areas where investments should be made to further enhance the product or service and make it as a competitive advantage for the company, e.g. low cost. Weaknesses would tell a firm that improvement is required in a particular area, e.g. weak distribution network. Opportunities would define the areas which are not being targeted by the company and investing in that area would bring chances of growth and profit, e.g. an unmet customer need. There may be some changes in the external environment which can be a threat for a company, e.g. a new substitute product.[2] SWOT analysis should be performed for every area of the businesses and it should be repeatedly done for every market. What is its purpose in strategic planning? Strategic planning basically helps a business to set its overall objectives and then build a comprehensive plan to accomplish those objectives.[3] In doing so, SWOT analysis performs an important function by highlighting the strengths and weaknesses and spotlighting the opportunities and weaknesses. Through this in-depth market analysis, companies can set their goals in the right direction. Do you have to conduct a SWOTT Analysis to have an effective strategic plan? Why or why not. Yes, it is necessary to perform a SWOT analysis for building an effective strategic plan. The reason is that it tells a company what has been done well, so as to focus in that area to earn higher profits. Then it highlights the internal harmful factors that can be improved by a company. Not only this, it gives insights for better opportunities in the market. [4] SWOT Analysis also informs about potential threats for a business. It is an immense planning tool that will help in building a winning strategic plan for a company. Week 2 DQ 2 What are the key planning factors for competitive success? Key planning factors for an organization will differ from company to company. However, we can perform a general industry analysis, along with competitor analysis and macro environment analysis. These factors drive the strategy of a company, so it is important to understand then properly. For achieving competitive success, type of business must be taken into account. Some suggested key planning factors for competitive success are:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Focus on strategic planning  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Right implementation of the strategy  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time management of the entire project  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using project management techniques for effective planning  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Research and development  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Acquiring land and maintaining liquidity  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Well-constructed product  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Establishing efficient channels of distribution  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Providing after-sales support  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Communicating every decision to everyone in the organization  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Involvement of every employee in decision marking[5]  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teamwork and Collaboration between all departments  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Following principles of Ethics Provide an example of an organization that has achieved competitive success through planning. An example of an organization that has achieved competitive success through planning is â€Å"Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬ . It is a leading nutrition and health company. They have diversified into new areas by creating value for their products.   They were able to achieve that through long term planning by creating value for their shareholders, employees, consumers, and business partners. They strategically planned for the development of their research centers across the globe which is now one of their competitive advantages. Their entry into different countries and creating products with respect to the tastes and culture of that country was also a part of their strategic planning process. This planning is helping them to achieve their long term vision, i.e. creating shared value for society and shareholders.[6] Provide an example of an organization that has failed to achieve competitive success as the result of failed planning. An example of an organization that has failed to achieve competitive success as the result of failed planning is Hershey’s. It is a leading manufacturer of chocolates, confectionaries and beverages in United States of America. Hershey’s was in process of implanting an ERP Solution and they decided to choose SAP ERP. But this implementation failed and caused heavy loss to the company in terms of profits and sales. The reason was not any technical mistake by the vendor but poor planning by Hersey’s. They choose wrong time for implementation when business was at its peak. They made a blunder of restructuring the business process and changing it in a wrong way without doing strategic planning. They spend most of the time on ERP implementation which interrupted the day to day operations of the business, creating confusions for the employees. They might have avoided this issue if they remained focused and planned out all activities properly before implementation. They should have set their priorities in a strategic manner by looking at the business prospects from all angles.[7] Bibliography: What is SWOT Analysis(2010), Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-swot-analysis.htm Strategic Management(2010), Retrieved from http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/swot/ Strategic Planning(2010), Retrieved from http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?itemId=1079687246type=RESOURCES Roger Lever (Dec 10, 2008), Retrieved from http://strategic-business planning.suite101.com/article.cfm/use_swot_analysis_for_strategic_planning Key Success Factors in Strategic Planning By Bill Birnbaum, CMC(2009) Retrieved from http://www.birnbaumassociates.com/key-success-factors.htm Retrieved from http://www.nestle.com/AllAbout/AllAboutNestle.htm Analyzing ERP failures in Hershey, Retrieved from http://www.erpwire.com/erp-articles/failure-story-in-erp-process.htm [1] What is SWOT Analysis(2010), Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-swot-analysis.htm [2]Strategic Management(2010), Retrieved from http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/swot/ [3] Strategic Planning(2010), Retrieved from http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?itemId=1079687246type=RESOURCES [4] Roger Lever (Dec 10, 2008), Retrieved from http://strategic-business planning.suite101.com/article.cfm/use_swot_analysis_for_strategic_planning [5] Key Success Factors in Strategic Planning By Bill Birnbaum, CMC(2009) Retrieved from http://www.birnbaumassociates.com/key-success-factors.htm [6] Retrieved from http://www.nestle.com/AllAbout/AllAboutNestle.htm [7] Analyzing ERP failures in Hershey, Retrieved from http://www.erpwire.com/erp-articles/failure-story-in-erp-process.htm How to cite What is a SWOT analysis?, Papers

Dante Essay Example For Students

Dante Essay Dantes Inferno and The Garden of Earthly DelightsThe Garden of Earthly Delights painted by Hieronymus Bosch, depicts many vivid fictional scenes in triptych style. The right wing of the triptych depicts Hell and the causes of mans downfall, which Dante wrote about in the Inferno. Dante tries to convey to all humanity the consequences of human actions and the levels of hell that he believes exist for different levels of sins. Dante divides Hell up into ten different circles, and there is an upper and a lower level of Hell. Dante and Bosch have similar views on the evil within people and this evil is represented in their works, whether it transpires in a painting or in a book. This evil is evident in the right wing of The Garden of Earthy Delights, which can be used to portray scenes from almost all of Dantes circles of Hell. Fire is seen in much of the painting, which can be symbolic of death. Fire is one of the only elements man can create so fire can also be seen as a symbol of mortality. Virgil said, I come to lead you to the other shore, into eternal darkness, ice, and fire. (Canto III: line 87) This quote shows the connection of fire and Hell. Fire can also be representative of the Holy Spirit and this relates to Dante who ties religion into the Inferno. Fire is the background of much of the top of the painting. Virgil said, Eternal fire burns within, giving off the reddish glow you see diffused throughout this lower Hell. (VII: 73-75) Another scene in Boschs painting that is striking appears towards the bottom and in the middle of the painting. A red instrument that is large and rounded has figures circling around it, some of which are dressed like nuns and one who is dressed like a Pope. These figures may be representative of Dantes belief in God and the Church which are two themes in the Inferno. Dante mentions Pope Nicholas III, Pope Boniface VIII, and Pope Clement V who are in hell for corrupting ecclesiastical offices in the Church and profiting from their actions. You have built yourselves a God of gold and silver! How do you differ from the idolator, except that he worships one, you worship hundreds? (XIX: 112-114) This could be why the Pope and nuns in The Garden of Earthly Delights are in Hell. They are also seen lamenting as they walk around the instrument, and according to Dante, lamenting is often heard in Hell. An additionally poignant scene in the painting is the part where a man is seen pierced through by a key. This is symbolic of a rich man who tries to keep his belongings all to himself by always guarding them, as under lock and key, and not sharing his wealth. In the Inferno, Dante says that these hoarders are unrecognizable because they spent all their time with their material goods and were otherwise undistinguished in life. Virgil says, It was squandering and hoarding that have robbed them of the lovely world, and got them in this brawl. (VII: 58-59) Selfishness is a quality that both Bosch and Dante look down on completely and selfish actions are some of the worst. In the center of the painting a man is seen climbing a ladder into the disemboweled chest of a man. This climbing man is representative of people bringing about their own punishments. For instance, Dante looks down greatly on people who have committed suicide, as does the Church. In the Inferno, these people are ripped apart by dogs in the Wood of Suicides. They sank their fangs in that poor wretch who hid, they ripped him open piece by piece, and then ran off with mouthfuls of his wretched limbs. (XIII: 127-129) To the right of the disemboweled man are animals that look like rats are eating away at a person dressed in armor. .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1 , .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1 .postImageUrl , .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1 , .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1:hover , .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1:visited , .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1:active { border:0!important; } .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1:active , .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1 .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6cb975dc92ba34005593f66a328d66f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gender Identity in Marge Piecys Barbie Doll Essay This could be symbolic of crimes against ones country. And that you may report on me up there, know that I am Bertran de Born, the one who evilly encouraged the young king. (XXVIII: 133-135) Dante portrays the figure of Bertran as a man who is holding his head that has been cut off. With regards to the disemboweled person, Wrong is it for a man to have what he once cast off. (XII: 104-105) There is a woman at the bottom right of the painting that is being held by a kangaroo type creature. This creature may represent the invisible force that Dante believes is inside a sinner that makes him do the things he does, whether it be caused by mental or physical suffering. One of the sinners in the Inferno, an Impersonator, kept craving water. He said, O you who bear no punishment at all (I cant think why) within this world of sorrow, he said to us, pause here and look upon the misery of one Master Adamo: in life I had all that I could desire, and now, alas, I crave a drop of water. (XXX: 58-63) There is a man pictured near the woman and he is throwing up. This could also be representative of the evil inborn in sinners. At the bottom left side of the painting is a man about to be eaten by a termite who has a game table on his head. This is illustrating that the tables are turned on the man who has committed some terrible crime. In the Inferno this is represented by Lucifer eating the three worst sinners, Judas Iscariot, Brutus, and Cassius, all who betrayed their benefactors. Dante said, In each of his three mouths he crunched a sinner, with teeth like those that rake hemp and flax, keeping three sinners constantly in pain; the one in front- the biting he endured was nothing like the clawing that he took: sometimes his back was raked clean of its skin. (XXXIV: 55-60) Judas was being punished for betraying Christ. The three heads of Lucifer may stand for the Trinity in some kind of twisted way. Dante and Bosch feel that lust corrupts man and mans corruption is evident is his actions. Dantes Inferno takes the reader through different levels of Hell, and as the levels get lower, the punishments increase in their frightfulness. Boschs Garden of Earthly Delights is almost a pictorial representation of Dantes Inferno. Dante feels that the ultimate sin is one against God and the Church and consequently, Lucifer instates the ultimate punishment. Some of the ideas painted by Bosch are vague and can be analyzed in many ways. The ears with the arrow though them and knife between them may be seen as punishment inflicted by others but it can take on different significance. Both Bosch and Dante come across as disturbed people because the graphic images they create are not pleasant but rather evil. One wonders if they created such disturbing images because they led unhappy lives or if they were expressing hidden emotions in their works. The right wing of the triptych of Boschs Garden of Earthly Delights manifests ones worst nightmares all in one painting. Dantes Inferno can be seen as a guide for people to live by so that they do not end up in Hell like the sinners in his book.Words/ Pages : 1,223 / 24

Freuds Stages of Psychosexual Development free essay sample

The theory of psychosexual development, proposed by Sigmund Freud, states that successful completion of the 5 psychosexual stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital stages) results in a healthy personality. A newborn baby is born with psychosexual energy or libido. The childs libido centers on behavior affecting the primary erogenous zone (mouth, anus, genitals) of his age; he cannot focus on the primary erogenous zone of the next stage without resolving the developmental conflict of the immediate one . At each stage little libido is deposited, the stage is resolved and the child moves on to the next stage. Overindulgence in a stage is called fixation, where a large amount of libido is deposited. The child becomes fixated at that stage until he is able to resolve it and move on to the next. Fixating on a particular stage, determines the method of obtaining satisfaction that will dominate and affect his adult personality . We will write a custom essay sample on Freuds Stages of Psychosexual Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The oral stage begins at birth through 18 months. According to the pleasure principle, the id dominates this stage, as the ego and superego have not yet been developed and the infant has no personality (identity) . The erogenous zone or focus of libidinal gratification is the mouth. Infants derive pleasure from feeding from the mother’s breast and from exploring their environment by placing objects in their mouths. Because the infant is entirely dependent upon adults (who are responsible for the child’s basic needs, such as feeding), the infant also develops a sense of trust and comfort through this oral pleasure. To resolve this stage, the child must become less dependent upon caretakers (weaned). A person who is orally fixated and â€Å"stuck† at this stage may be over-dependent on others and may seek oral stimulation through smoking, drinking, or eating . The anal stage is from 18 months to 3 years. This is called the anal stage because Freud believed the erogenous zone moved from the mouth to the anus and that infants got pleasure from withholding and releasing their feces at will during toilet training . The ego develops during this stage because the child now is starting to understand social norms and that they can’t â€Å"go† when and where they want to â€Å"go.† An anally fixated adult may be obsessively clean and orderly and enjoy having control over others. On the other hand, children whose parents are too lenient during this phase may grow up to become messy and disorganized . The phallic stage follows the anal stage and is from 3 to 6 years. At this time the ego is developed. During this stage, the primary focus of the libido is the genitals. The child also starts to notice the difference between men and women and begins to identify with the same sex parent. In boys, Freud described the Oedipus complex. This is when boys start to sexually desire their mother and see the father as a threat, afraid that the father will hurt them for wanting her exclusively for his own, a term called castration anxiety. The love turns into sexual desire when the erogenous zone moves from the mouth to the anus and genitals. In boys, this is resolved through assuming identity by copying their fathers. . In girls, a similar experience along with similar feelings is called the Electra complex. Freud believed that girls experienced penis envy and their love for their father becomes erotic and envious, wishing they had a penis of her own. In girls, this is resolved by repressing t heir desire for their fathers and replacing it with a desire for a baby of their own. Fixation at this stage develops a phallic character, which is reckless, resolute, self-assured, and narcissisticexcessively vain and proud. The failure to resolve these conflicts can also cause a person to be afraid or incapable of close love . Following the phallic stage is the latency period. This is a period where the libido or sexual drive lies dormant. During this time the child concentrates on asexual activities such as school, activities, sports and same-sex friendships. This period lasts from age 6 to puberty. This stage is important in the development of social and communication skills and self-confidence. The last stage is the genital stage, which lasts from puberty to death. The superego is developed at this time. During this stage, the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex and goes from masturbation or self-pleasuring (instinct) to intercourse with another person. Successful resolution of this stage will result in a well-balanced, warm and caring relationship . Sexual perversions could develop if fixation  occurs during this stage. At the end of this stage, the person who has worked it all out is psychologically well-adjusted and balanced. According to Freud to achieve this state you need to have a balance of both love and work . In conclusion, according to Sigmund Freud, successful completion of each of the 5 steps will result in a healthy, well-balanced personality. Fixation at any one of these stages will define the child’s personality as an adult until the immediate stage is resolved and all 5 stages successfully completed. By age 5, the child’s personality along with his ego and superego are developed. Unsuccessful completion of the 5 psychosexual stages will result in sexual and/or emotional problems in adulthood.

It236 Week9 Final Essays

It236 Week9 Final Essays It236 Week9 Final Essay It236 Week9 Final Essay Week 9 Final Ken Kronemeyer Ken Kronemeyer University of Phoenix, Axia College IT236 [ November 21, 2010 ] Kevin Jayne Week 9 Final Ken Kronemeyer The Assignment: 1. Final Project: Web Site Analysis * Analyze the Web site you selected for the Capstone Discussion question. * Use on your knowledge gained from the past 9 weeks. * Evaluate the current design of the site. * Identify recommendations for redesign. The Site The web site chosen for this project is the Belleville News-Democrat Newspaper web site from Belleville, Illinois. It is the hometown newspaper of this papers author. The site URL is bnd. com/ . It’s Problems 1. The first thing that happens when you enter this site is a pop-up. As a viewer of many websites, I have found this to be a real turn-off to continuing visits to a web site, as it is not very welcoming and is a distraction to the purpose of my visit. 2. News/Sports/Life/Opinions Page: Confusing hodgepodge of boxes and information and that is the same template on all major pages. (Fig. 1) 3. What would normally be the classifieds section of a newspaper is replaced with outsourced functions. For instance the Auto’s section is sourced to Cars. om instead of the actual newspaper ads, the Jobs section is sourced to CareerBuilder. com etc. (Fig 2) 4. The only real page that is uncluttered and straightforward is the â€Å"Services† page which is all about the services provided by the newspaper – payment, subscriptions etc. (Fig3) 5. Navigation is straightforward if one does not stray from the Navigation Bar at the top or goes all the way to the bottom of the screen to the sitemap. (Fig 4) 6. None of the newspapers special features are available either such as the Sunday Parade Magazine or even the daily comics. Nor are the sale ad inserts that many could use. If one wants the inserts, one has to buy the print edition. Fig 1| Fig 2| Fig 3| Fig 4 Recommendations Ideally, for a newspaper format, where the news and local interests are the main topics, this site should move all the ads to a column on the right and out of the body of the page, that way if one wants to view the ads, they are readily available for viewing and easily accessible devoting the main body of the page to what the site is about – news. Secondly, there should be some way for readers to access the actual classifieds of the newspaper. As it is, ads that are in the subscriber/newsrack edition are not available on line in the outsourced ad boxes. Many jobs I the paper edition are not in the CareerBuilder. com site and may automobiles listed in the paper edition are not in the Cars. com site, and it is the same for any of the other ads. This could be a great local news site, if the pressure for revenue did not interfere with the web sites design. Conclusion This could be a great site if it was de-cluttered and not made so distracting to the visitor and the pop-ups were done away with. If the site also included everything that comes with the daily print edition Comics, ad inserts, this would be a really useful and faithful representation of this fine newspaper. References Figs 1-4, Belleville News-Democrat, 2010, Retrieved November, 2010 from bnd. com/

Ride along with a Police Officer Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ride along with a Police Officer - Term Paper Example After checking the vehicle registration, the driver would then be requested to provide the driver’s license. The police officer would then request the driver to step out of the car as he communicates to the station confirming the arrest of the traffic offenders. Moreover, we could sometimes ask random cars to pull over hence checking their vehicle condition and their registration numbers. If the vehicle is found to be in bad condition, or the registration expired, the driver would be asked to accompany the police officer to the station. Even though the night was lonely and boring, I got the chance to interact with Officer Ottey. He explained that he has been in the police force for about 5 years. With a smile on his face, I could tell he was proud to be a police officer. Officer Ottey’s father and grandfather were both police officers who died in the line of duty hence he had to join the police in honor of his father and grandfather. Apart from the police is a well-paying job, the officer explained that he is proud to be of service to the society. In the course of our discussion, I found out that the police are one of the diligent and humble people in the society. They are trained to exercise humility and patience when handling criminals. In their department, every police officer is treated with respect from their department heads and their seniors. This is because the training of the police instills discipline and respect to the colleagues and other members of the society. After the lengthy explanations, I was curious to know the qualifications for one to join the police academy. Officer Ottey explained that a person willing should be above eighteen years of age and must possess a high school diploma. In addition, some states require 60 college credits with a clean criminal record for the last 5years.  

DSS VS MIS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DSS VS MIS - Coursework Example n the other hand Decision Support System (DSS) is used for establishing the correct decision established on activities, planning, forecast, management and operations. (Kersten, Mikolajuk, & Yeh, 2000, p. 41-42) Database of Decision Support System contain information from a variety of resources that includes information that was generated from various applications, data generated internally and the data extracted from external sources like Internet, etc. Size of DSS database can vary from a small standalone system to a very large datacenters managing the data requirements needs of an organization. Decision Support System’s database normally holds a backup of the production database to avoid any kind of obstruction with the normal operational systems. DSS software contains number of different analytical and mathematical models. These models are used for analyzing the complex data, in that way developing the needed information. An analytical and mathematical model forecasts the outcome on the basis of various different inputs or varying situations, or determines the outcome by combining both. A DSS may includes different models while each performing some particular function. Some of them are: (Laudon & Laudon, 2004, p. 274-275) Decision Support System has an interactive graphical user interface. This interface makes an easier interaction between the user and the DSS. The result of the analyzed data is displayed in several different forms, like table, graphical (in the form of charts), and text. Interface users and select the suitable option to view the result as per the requirements. This component works same as it does in an expert system. It presents information regarding connections between data that is excessively difficult for a database to represent. It includes the rules to facilitate possible resolution as well as another methods and solutions for assessing them. Let us assume that the some manager of a business organization who deals in products or

Models of Accounting Analysis

Models of Accounting Analysis Historic Cost In accounting, historic cost is the first money related quality of a financial item. Historic cost is focused around the stable measuring unit assumption. In a few circumstances, assets and liabilities may be demonstrated at their historic cost, as though there had been no change in value from the date of acquisition. The balance sheet value items may subsequently vary from the accurate value (WIKIPEDIA). Principle An accounting system in which assets are recorded on an balance sheet with the value at which they were obtained, rather than the current market value. The historic cost standard is used to get the measure of capital expended to acquire an asset, and is helpful for matching against changes in profits or expenses identifying with the asset purchased, and in addition for deciding past opportunity costs (Business Dictionary). Impacts Under the historical cost basis of accounting, assets and liabilities are recorded at their values when first acquired. They are not then generally restated for changes in values. Costs recorded in the Income Statement are based on the historical cost of items sold or used, rather than their replacement costs (WIKIPEDIA). Example The main headquarters of a company, which includes the land and building, was bought for $100,000 in 1945, and its expected market value today is $30 million. The asset is still recorded on the balance sheet at $100,000 (INVESTOPEDIA). Current Purchasing Power Accounting Capital maintenance in units of constant purchasing power (CMUCPP) is the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) basic accounting model originally authorized in IFRS in 1989 as an alternative to traditional historical cost accounting (WIKIPEDIA). Principle Current Purchasing Power Accounting(CPPA) includes the re-statement of historical figures at current purchasing power. For this reason, historic figures must be multiple by conversion factors. The formula for the calculation of conversion component is: Conversion factor = Price Index at the date of Conversion/Price Index at the date of item arose Conversion factor at the beginning = Price Index at the end/Price Index at the beginning Conversion factor at an average = Price Index at the end/Average Price Index Conversion factor at the end = Price Index at the end/Price Index at the end Average Price Index = Price Index at beginning + Price Index at the end/2 CPP Value = Historical value X Conversion factor (Account Managment Economics). Impacts on Financial Statements financial statements are ready on the basis of historical cost and a supplementary statement is ready showing historical items in terms of present value on the basis of general price index. Retail price index or wholesale price index is taken as an appropriate index for the conversion of historical cost items to show the changes in value of money. This method takes into consideration the changes in the value of items as a result of general price level, but it does not account for changes in the value of individual items (Accounting Managment). Example XYZ Company had a closing balance of inventory at 30 June 2012 equal to $10000. This inventory had been purchased in the last three months of the financial year. Assume the general price level index was 140 on 1 July 2011, 144 on 31 December 2011, 150 on 30 June 2012, the average for the year (July 2011-June 2012) was 145 and the average for April 2012 June 2012 was 147. For showing updated inventory with CPPA, we will use following formula Book value of inventory X current month general price index/ average index of three months = 10000 X 150/ 147 = $ 10204 (Accounting Education). Current Cost Accounting Current cost accounting is a procedure of accounting that attempts to give quality of benefits on the basis of their current replacement require as opposed to the sum they were purchased for (Ask). Principles It influences all the records and accounting reports also their balancing items. A fundamental principle underlying the estimation of gross value added, and hence GDP, is that yield and intermediate utilization must be value at the costs present at the time the processing happens. This intimates that goods withdrawn from inventories must be value at the price prevailing at the times the goods are withdrawn and not at the costs at which they entered inventories (Glossary Of Statistical Terms). Impacts Accounting systems that help in the preparation of financial reports, the cost accounting systems and reports are not subject to rules and standards like the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. As a result, there is huge variety in the cost accounting systems of the different organization and sometimes even in different parts of the same organization (WIKIPEDIA). Advantages Of Historic Cost Historic Cost provide straight forward procedure. It records gains until they are recognize. Historical Costing method are still using in accounting system. Dis-Advantages Of Historic Cost Historic Cost consider as a acquisition cost of an asset and does not recognize current market value. Historic Cost only interested in allocation of cost, not in the value of an asset. It’s neglect the current market value of the asset that may be higher or lower than its suggested. It’s gives flaws in time of inflation (Study Mode). Comments Historical Costing method is still using in accounting system, it is a traditional method of accounting system it is not represent the market value of items, due to which it is not a appropriate method to adopt. Advantages Of Current Purchasing Power Accounting Current purchasing power method uses as measuring unit. It’s provide the calculation facilities to gain or loss in purchasing power due to holding monetary items. In this method, historical accounts continue to be maintained because they prepared on supplementary basis. This method intact the purchasing power of capital contributed by shareholders, so the method is important from the shareholders point of view. This method provides reliable financial information for the management to formulate policies and plans. Dis-Advantages Of Current Purchasing Power Accounting This method is only consider changes in general purchasing power, it does not consider the changes in the value of individual items. This method based on statistical index number which not used in individual firm. It’s difficult to use suitable price index. This method is failed to remove all defects of historical cost accounting system (Accounting Management). Comments Purchasing power accounting is very useful to provide financial information for management and its intact the purchasing power of capital which contributed by shareholders, its useful in inflation time so now in current time this method is very useful. Advantages of Current Cost Accounting This methods use present value of assets, instead of the original purchase price. This type of accounting is addresses the difference between historical and current cost accounting system. This method assigns higher values on the assets owned by the business. This method also used during bankruptcy and liquidation procedures to find the total loss to the owner (Ask). Comments Cost accounting provides accurate situation of the connection between specific cost and specific outputs because traces resources as they moves through company. By adopting cost accounting for business, in that way we learn resources are being wasted and which resource are most profitable (Chron).

Alibr Essay

Belonging Essay: â€Å"Sometimes it is hard to balance belonging to a group with keeping one’s own individual identity. † How has your study of the prescribed test and two texts of your own choosing either supported or conflicted with this idea? An essential element of belonging is one’s identity as it provides an understanding of the group to which one belongs. However, it is often difficult to retain one’s individuality while belonging to a particular community.This difficulty is evident in Sara Gavron’s film â€Å"Brick Lane† and Shaun Tan’s â€Å"Stick Figures† (Tales From Outer Suburbia), where both composer’s highlight the loss of individuality as a result of group conformation. In contrast, William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"As You Like It† demonstrates the converse as it highlights that it is possible to balance belonging to group while keeping one’s unique identity. As a result, by comparing th e exploration of all three composers, a responder can enhance their understanding of the influences that affect one’s sense of belonging and identity.As one becomes part of a group an understanding of their own unique identity can often be enriched. This is evident in William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"As You like It† through Orlando, whose development of a sense of familial belonging empowers his own self-understanding. This is evident through the contrast between Orlando’s initial dejected state and final sense of status. This is evident through Orlando’s early despondence in the play in â€Å"in this world I fill up a place, which may be better supplied when I have made it empty. The impersonal tone associated with ‘a place’ alludes to Orlando’s own feeling of alienation and isolation as a result of a lack of connection with others. This is reinforced through the hollow connotations of ‘empty’ which accentuate Orl ando’s lack of understanding of himself. However, this is contrasted with the conclusion of the play, as Orlando develops his sense of familial belonging with his brother Oliver. This sense of empowerment is evident in â€Å"you have my consent† where Orlando’s dominance is evidence through his approval of his brother’s wishes.This emphasises his enhanced status and identity, solely a result of his sense of belonging. As a result it can be seen that it is Orlando’s belonging to a group that nourishes his sense of identity. Antithetically, when a responder considers Sara Gavron’s film â€Å"Brick Lane† the converse of Shakespeare’s exploration becomes prominent. This evident when considering the character of Karim, a London-born Pakistani man.As a result of Karim’s cultural and religious heritage, he experiences a sense of alienation from the wider community as evident in â€Å"Go home Paki! † The derogatory term o f ‘Paki’ compounded with the incensed tone created through the exclamation, Gavron demonstrates Karim’s social alienation. It is this isolation that yields his identity as evident in â€Å"this is my home. † The blunt nature of Karim’s statement highlights his resoluteness and confidence with his own unique multicultural self.Despite this, Karim’s identity begins to waver as he becomes part of a Muslim group that fights for understanding. This is evident through the contrast in costuming used by Gavron. Initially, she characterises Karim in a combination of western and Pakistani clothes, but as he joins the group, these western elements begin to disappear. This results in Karim conforming to the dress code of the other group members, implying the loss of his own unique identity as a result of his belonging.Hence, Gavron, unlike Shakespeare emphasises that one’s sense of identity can be lost through their connection with a group. In cer tain situations it is often difficult to retain a sense of unique identity while being part of a group. This is elucidated in Shaun Tan’s â€Å"Stick Figures† where the Stick Figures are shown to be alienated from their homeland due to industrialization. Tan emphasises that by belonging to this group of isolated individuals, a person can lose their sense of identity in â€Å"faceless clod. † The

Hawthorne Studies: Impact on Modern Management Essay

The Hawthorne Studies is one of the most frequently debated phenomenons in modern work management. Evolved in the 1930’s this represents a progression from pure scientific management determined by Taylor to introduction and influence of behavioral sciences in the management of work, workers and work places. Given the long time that the theory has been in vogue and the intense research in management sciences, Hawthorne effect has provided varying interpretations briefly summarized in three main streams of thought. One group of researchers considers that the Hawthorne effect has an impact on productivity due to the effect on people’s behavior when they know they are a part of an experiment. (Champoux, 2003) (Nelson & Quick, 2003). Some others deem this to be the changes brought about due to special attention to behavior at the work place. (Jewell, 1998) (Newstrom & Davis, 2002). While yet another interpretation is that it is an effect caused by a novel change in the work environment.  (Jex, 2002) (Schultz & Schultz, 2000). These however appear to be limited explanations of the Hawthorne effect. The most significant impact of the experiments is in establishing correlation between human psychology, behavioral sciences and scientific management. (Franke & Kaul, 1978). This integration has resulted in overcoming the overly simplistic principles of scientific management by Taylor (1911). In as much as modern management is concerned the Hawthorne experiments established principles for organizing small group processes which remain relevant to this day. (Franke & Kaul, 1978). Thus the impact of these experiments have to be examined in relation to linkages established between worker productivity and social groups at work, attention to individuals and groups and finally creation of a conducive work environment within the group. These three key parameters can be applied effectively in modern management practices in concurrent spheres which results in improvement in work output once workers feel that management is interested in their welfare and devotes attention to them, increased productivity through a sense of responsibility and discipline which comes from within a group rather than from higher authority, and finally production enhancements resulting from an ideal social environment for the work group. (Mayo, 1933). Welfare of the worker through greater involvement of management is an important derivative of the Hawthorne Experiments which has applicability in modern management. The focus of the Hawthorne studies in worker welfare was determined by factors such as providing adequate breaks for rest, manipulating work hours and creating ideal environment for productivity through control of humidity and temperature. (Roethlisberger & Dickson, 1939). The implied meaning of such measures was that the management was concerned about and interested in the welfare of the worker. The workers were not as much concerned of the issue of genuineness of interest or productivity related needs of the management in their welfare. In the modern management context however large scale mobility of the work force is related to two spheres, availability of greater opportunities and a perceived sense of selfish rather than proportionately altruistic interest of the management in welfare of the work force. Where workers feel that the management is interested in their welfare only as a measure of productivity, it may not have a singular impact. Creating intrinsic sense of responsibility within a group is one of the prime motivators at work which can result in increased productivity. The Hawthorne experiment proved this dictum by manipulating experiments in various ways and also by creating a sense of permanency in the work groups. The groups seem to select themselves and enhance their commitment and productivity. (Mayo, 1933). In modern management creating sense of responsibility may be considered a function of effective group formation as well. This will result in a sense of purpose creating accountability of individuals to the group. Ironically the John Henry effect, frequently considered as the opposite of the Hawthorne effect supports this premise. Here a control group which is devoid of interventions enhances its efficiency by benchmarking performance based on the experimental group. (Zdep & Irvine; 1970) Thus implying that creation of group cohesion and a sense of responsibility towards productivity may lead to incremental improvements independent of interventions per se. However mere creation of a group may not sustain productivity, this will have to be supported by a conducive community atmosphere within the group. Social environment of the work group surely has an impact on worker productivity. (Mayo, 1933) (Gillespie, 1991). While work place manipulation has become a norm for greater productivity in modern production houses, it is the management of groups which is critical to the same rather than provision of physical improvement of work place beyond a certain limit. Social environment of the work group has impact at two stages in the modern work place. One is the repetitive nature of work performed by groups similar to those in Hawthorne studies. The other more complex form is work frequently carried out in a series, where an error in the chain could compound or negate the entire process. Thus the need may be to build much deeper social networking amongst groups to support not just productivity but also creativity and emotional bondage. Some of the areas which could be envisaged in this sphere are software development where relay chain nature of work would imply need for positive social environment within the work group for completion of the task with minimum errors. A critical examination of the study would reveal that most examinations have focused on the nuances of conduct of experiments rather than the overall impact of these trials. While Elton Mayo had good reason to deliberate on the experiments as this was the first time such scientifically controlled experiments were being undertaken linking behavioral sciences with industrial management, there is a tendency in subsequent works to focus more on the experiments per se rather than findings of the research derived from manipulating the processes of work. Thus critics are restricted to the integrity of the process of experiments thereby missing the essence of the argument of Hawthorne Experiments. This anomaly would be evident in the argument of novelty at the work place. (Jex, 2002) (Schultz & Schultz, 2000). The case of innovation is seen by some writers as incongruent with the conclusions as it was considered difficult to maintain novelty over a period of two years. Yet recycling newness could create conditions in the experiment which to the workers could bring about change thereby resulting in productivity improvements brought about by transformations in small work groups. A second critique of the Hawthorne experiments involves political interpretation of exploitation of workers by capitalists. (Rice, Nd). The argument that the management was interested in workers welfare has been interpreted in a way that it was not interest in the employee per se that had involved the management but the need to increase productivity. This may have relevance when attempting to understand the phenomenon of industrial polity in the modern workplace; but will not be relevant to the issue of application of the conclusions as given above in improving worker productivity. However given the extensive interpretation of the Hawthorne experiments over the years, it can be assumed at this stage that the political bias if any has been removed through the rigor of analysis by a vast body of researchers. One final critique of the Hawthorne studies in relation to modern management would be the underlying lack of importance to the group leader which is implicit in the experiments. The small group was allowed to manage through processes which do not seem to have entailed evolution of a group leader. This appears highly unusual given the natural proclivity of a primate to emerge in a group of people. In a modern setting of say software development, given the serial nature of work and equity in capability, yet importance of nominating a group leader for work group coordination has been highlighted. Nonetheless despite these and other infirmities, Hawthorne studies will continue to remain significant in modern management for the linkage provided for the first time between scientific managing, behavioral sciences and development of potential through principles of human resources.

Sun Tzu’s Art of War and The Global War on Terror Essay

Art of War is one military tactical text that has survived for centuries. The author of the text, Sun Tzu left the world with knowledge to carry on for generations. Art of War is a compilation of Tzu’s military strategies, various principles passed down his ancestral clan, and Taoism for the world to study and understand (Galvin and Giles). The military strategist specializes in the manners in which a â€Å"small force can overcome a powerful enemy† (Galvin and Giles 15). These tactics have been demonstrated throughout history by various â€Å"underdogs;† during the Revolutionary War, WWI, and even today in the Global War on Terror (Galvin and Giles 21). This is why Tzu remains an important piece of literature for all to read. Tzu’s principles on†¦show more content†¦Sun Wu’s father; Chen Shu, was the last of Chen Wuyu’s sons, revered for his military prowess (Huang 17). Unfortunately, the greed of power consumed Chen Shu’s se cond brother; Chen Qi, and threatened the lives’ of the Chen; power became more important to Chen Qi than family (Huang 17). This led Chen Shu to send Sun Wu to the state of Wu for safe keeping (Huang 17). By this time, Sun Wu had reached adulthood and was knowledgeable in military studies (Huang 17). Upon his arrival to the state of Wu, Sun Wu met with the King of Wu to who looked favorably upon his â€Å"theories on military affairs† (Huang 18). After this meeting, Sun Tzu commanded troop discipline as well as assisted General Wu Zixu in devising a strategy of expansion for the King. Their strategy weakened and eventually led to the invasion of the state of Chu (Huang 18). After the death of King Helu, the new King did not hold the same respect for the tactics and knowledge of General Wu (Huang 15). This led to a great conflict and eventually led to General Wu committing suicide and Sun Wu’s father’s death. After Sun Tzu learned of this, he entered a li fe of seclusion until his death. While his life was relatively restless, Sun Tzu left his book for the world to study and implement (Huang 15). The beginnings of Sun Wu’s military training began with his clan; knowledgeable in the art of war, however; historians remain at odds as to how heShow MoreRelatedSun Tzu On Nature And Character Of 21st Century Warfare2528 Words   |  11 PagesSun Tzu on the Nature and Character of 21st Century Warfare Sun Tzu understood the nature of war as â€Å"the province of life or death,† and a â€Å"matter of vital importance to the state.†1 I agree. In my own experience, war awakens your primordial instincts and strips you of your self-rationalizations. Sun Tzu defined the character of war when he wrote, â€Å"water has no constant form, there are in war no constant conditions.†2 Accordingly, Sun Tzu’s principals of war offer a framework adequate to explainRead MoreThe Character Of 21st Century Warfare2508 Words   |  11 Pagescharacter is highly adaptive.1 Sun Tzu claimed â€Å"all warfare is based on deception.†2 Consequently, his principals of war offer a good framework to explain the character of 21st century warfare, which I rationalize as a near-continuous battle of ideologies fought through asymmetric means to advance the values and interests of state and non-state actors. I will first introduce contemporary evidence of 21st century warfare, and then select Sun Tzu’s principals of war – national unity, rational appraisalsRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesBromwich has made. He played an important role in the diffusion of modern practices of capital investment appraisal in the United Kingdom. He has been constantly open to the insights which advances in economic theory can provide into the accounting art, in many areas pushing at the frontiers of international knowledge in his own quiet way. In the area of costing, Michael has undoubtedly deepened our understandings of both conceptual and practical issues, in recent years providing a voice of reason